PISA Results: how does quality of education compare across the EBRD’s countries of operation?

Every three years the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) conducts knowledge tests among 15-year old secondary school students in all OECD and a number of non-OECD countries.

In the EBRD countries of operation, the top performers were Estonia, Poland and Slovenia (in that order, with Estonia leading in all three disciplines). The lowest average scores were recorded in Azerbaijan, Albania and the Kyrgyz Republic, the latter also being the weakest performer globally.

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Region-specific constraints to doing business in Russia

Little is known about the exact nature of regional differences in terms of constraints to doing business. Broadly, two sets of indicators of the regional business environment are available. The first is objective measures of its various components, such as infrastructure, financial deepening or registered crime. The second is subjective expert assessments of the quality of institutions and investment risk in the regions.

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