Mongolian microfinance: Some first insights from a randomised field experiment
In Mongolia, as in numerous other countries, microfinance has attracted attention as a potentially powerful tool to generate pro-poor growth. Many Mongolians live in poverty and income disparities between urban and rural areas are significant. The rural economy remains vulnerable to variations in weather conditions; droughts and harsh winters often lead to large-scale livestock deaths, also this year. As a result, there is wide-spread migration from the countryside to urban…
Let’s Stick Together: Pros and Cons of the Tripartite Customs Union in the CIS
Authors: Ralph De Haas, Alex Plekhanov
As of January 2010, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus apply a common external customs tariff (CET) to imports from third countries. The CET is mainly based on the Russian duties that prevailed until last year. Since these were the highest among the three countries (Figure 1) there have been significant duty hikes in Belarus and Kazakhstan. For example, in Belarus the import duty on a
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